{
  "title": "People and documented connections",
  "checked": "2026-10-16",
  "scope": "Partial, non-ranked cohort. Every edge is specific and source-linked. Shared neighbors imply no additional relationship.",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "peter-samson",
      "name": "Peter Samson",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Early communities",
      "summary": "Compiled a 1959 dictionary of the Tech Model Railroad Club’s language.",
      "url": "/people/peter-samson.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "joybubbles",
      "name": "Joybubbles",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Phone phreaking",
      "summary": "A telephone-network explorer described as Joe Engressia in contemporary reporting and later remembered as Joybubbles.",
      "url": "/people/joybubbles.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "john-draper",
      "name": "John Draper",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Phone phreaking",
      "summary": "Publicly known as Captain Crunch; documented in contemporary reporting and later interviews about telephone experimentation.",
      "url": "/people/john-draper.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "steve-wozniak",
      "name": "Steve Wozniak",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Hardware & personal computing",
      "summary": "Built telephone blue boxes before Apple and demonstrated the Apple-1 in the Homebrew community.",
      "url": "/people/steve-wozniak.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "ron-rosenbaum",
      "name": "Ron Rosenbaum",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Reporting",
      "summary": "His 1971 Esquire reporting provides a contemporary account of phone phreaking, distinct from later retellings.",
      "url": "/people/ron-rosenbaum.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "jason-scott",
      "name": "Jason Scott",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Preservation",
      "summary": "Created TEXTFILES.COM to preserve BBS-era documents and made BBS: The Documentary.",
      "url": "/people/jason-scott.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "jeff-moss",
      "name": "Jeff Moss",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Conferences & policy",
      "summary": "Founded DEF CON and Black Hat and served in a documented homeland-security advisory role.",
      "url": "/people/jeff-moss.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "emmanuel-goldstein",
      "name": "Emmanuel Goldstein",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Publishing & community",
      "summary": "Editor and cofounder of 2600, linking publishing and in-person gatherings through HOPE.",
      "url": "/people/emmanuel-goldstein.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "aleph-one",
      "name": "Aleph One",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Security research",
      "summary": "Author credited as Aleph1 in Phrack’s stack-buffer-overflow paper.",
      "url": "/people/aleph-one.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "the-mentor",
      "name": "The Mentor",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Writing & BBS culture",
      "summary": "Wrote The Conscience of a Hacker, later published by Phrack under Hacker’s Manifesto.",
      "url": "/people/the-mentor.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "wau-holland",
      "name": "Wau Holland",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Community & civil liberties",
      "summary": "A founding member of the Chaos Computer Club, remembered in the club’s own history.",
      "url": "/people/wau-holland.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "dan-kaminsky",
      "name": "Dan Kaminsky",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Security research",
      "summary": "Explained the 2008 DNS weakness and coordinated-response context through Black Hat’s public webcast.",
      "url": "/people/dan-kaminsky.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "hd-moore",
      "name": "HD Moore",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Open-source security",
      "summary": "Founded the Metasploit Project, an open-source security-testing project.",
      "url": "/people/hd-moore.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "joanna-rutkowska",
      "name": "Joanna Rutkowska",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Operating systems",
      "summary": "Founded Qubes OS and helped develop its compartmentalized security architecture.",
      "url": "/people/joanna-rutkowska.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "katie-moussouris",
      "name": "Katie Moussouris",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Disclosure & policy",
      "summary": "Worked on vulnerability-disclosure and bug-bounty programs, including Hack the Pentagon.",
      "url": "/people/katie-moussouris.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "bunnie-huang",
      "name": "Andrew “bunnie” Huang",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Hardware",
      "summary": "Hardware researcher and author of Hacking the Xbox, with later open-hardware and silicon-analysis work.",
      "url": "/people/bunnie-huang.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "solar-designer",
      "name": "Solar Designer",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Open-source security",
      "summary": "Founded Openwall and published security research through the project.",
      "url": "/people/solar-designer.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "phil-zimmermann",
      "name": "Phil Zimmermann",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Cryptography & privacy",
      "summary": "Created PGP and argued for widely available private communication.",
      "url": "/people/phil-zimmermann.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "radia-perlman",
      "name": "Radia Perlman",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Network engineering",
      "summary": "Protocol designer whose spanning-tree work and teaching illuminate network infrastructure.",
      "url": "/people/radia-perlman.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "mudge",
      "name": "Peiter “Mudge” Zatko",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Security research & public research",
      "summary": "L0pht researcher whose later DARPA role was described in his 2011 Black Hat appearance.",
      "url": "/people/mudge.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "alan-turing",
      "name": "Alan Turing",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Foundations",
      "summary": "Developed a mathematical account of computation and contributed to wartime cryptanalysis. This is foundational history, not a claim of membership in later hacker communities.",
      "url": "/people/alan-turing.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "claude-shannon",
      "name": "Claude Shannon",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Foundations",
      "summary": "His mathematical theory of communication gave engineers a framework for information, noise and channel capacity.",
      "url": "/people/claude-shannon.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "ken-thompson",
      "name": "Ken Thompson",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Foundations",
      "summary": "Led early Unix implementation and created B, a predecessor of C.",
      "url": "/people/ken-thompson.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "dennis-ritchie",
      "name": "Dennis Ritchie",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Foundations",
      "summary": "Helped develop Unix and created C, later documenting the design decisions and collaborators.",
      "url": "/people/dennis-ritchie.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "john-bardeen",
      "name": "John Bardeen",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Foundations",
      "summary": "Worked with Walter Brattain on the first working point-contact transistor.",
      "url": "/people/john-bardeen.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "walter-brattain",
      "name": "Walter Brattain",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Foundations",
      "summary": "Worked with John Bardeen on the first working point-contact transistor.",
      "url": "/people/walter-brattain.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "william-shockley",
      "name": "William Shockley",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Foundations",
      "summary": "Supervised the Bell Labs research group in which Bardeen and Brattain developed the point-contact transistor. Inclusion records this technical role, not an endorsement.",
      "url": "/people/william-shockley.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "joe-grand",
      "name": "Joe Grand",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Hardware",
      "summary": "Hardware hacker publicly known as Kingpin, L0pht member, and creator of JTAGulator.",
      "url": "/people/joe-grand.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "lee-felsenstein",
      "name": "Lee Felsenstein",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Community hardware",
      "summary": "Helped develop community-computing hardware and moderated Homebrew Computer Club.",
      "url": "/people/lee-felsenstein.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "richard-thieme",
      "name": "Richard Thieme",
      "type": "person",
      "category": "Writing & evidence",
      "summary": "Writer and conference speaker whose work examines technology, institutions, and how people interpret evidence.",
      "url": "/people/richard-thieme.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "tmrc-dictionary",
      "name": "TMRC dictionary",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/tmrc-dictionary.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "secrets-of-the-little-blue-box",
      "name": "Secrets of the Little Blue Box",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/secrets-of-the-little-blue-box.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "jason-scott-remembrance",
      "name": "Jason Scott remembrance",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/jason-scott-remembrance.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "wozniak-blue-box",
      "name": "Wozniak blue box",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/wozniak-blue-box.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "homebrew-computer-club",
      "name": "Homebrew Computer Club",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/homebrew-computer-club.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "textfiles-com",
      "name": "TEXTFILES.COM",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/textfiles-com.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "bbs-the-documentary",
      "name": "BBS: The Documentary",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/bbs-the-documentary.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "def-con",
      "name": "DEF CON",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/def-con.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "black-hat",
      "name": "Black Hat",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/black-hat.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "dhs-homeland-security-advisory-council",
      "name": "DHS Homeland Security Advisory Council",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/dhs-homeland-security-advisory-council.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "2600",
      "name": "2600",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/2600.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "hope",
      "name": "HOPE",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/hope.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "smashing-the-stack-for-fun-and-profit",
      "name": "Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/smashing-the-stack-for-fun-and-profit.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "the-conscience-of-a-hacker",
      "name": "The Conscience of a Hacker",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/the-conscience-of-a-hacker.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "phrack",
      "name": "Phrack",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/phrack.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "chaos-computer-club",
      "name": "Chaos Computer Club",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/chaos-computer-club.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "black-hat-dns-webcast",
      "name": "Black Hat DNS webcast",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/black-hat-dns-webcast.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "metasploit",
      "name": "Metasploit",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/metasploit.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "qubes-os",
      "name": "Qubes OS",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/qubes-os.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "qubes-architecture-v0-3",
      "name": "Qubes architecture v0.3",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/qubes-architecture-v0-3.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "luta-security",
      "name": "Luta Security",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/luta-security.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "hack-the-pentagon",
      "name": "Hack the Pentagon",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/hack-the-pentagon.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "hacking-the-xbox",
      "name": "Hacking the Xbox",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/hacking-the-xbox.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "novena",
      "name": "Novena",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/novena.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "openwall",
      "name": "Openwall",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/openwall.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "passive-analysis-of-ssh-traffic",
      "name": "Passive Analysis of SSH Traffic",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/passive-analysis-of-ssh-traffic.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "pgp",
      "name": "PGP",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/pgp.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "spanning-tree-protocol",
      "name": "Spanning Tree Protocol",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/spanning-tree-protocol.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "routing-without-tears-bridging-without-danger",
      "name": "Routing Without Tears, Bridging Without Danger",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/routing-without-tears-bridging-without-danger.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "l0pht",
      "name": "L0pht",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/l0pht.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "darpa",
      "name": "DARPA",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/darpa.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "on-computable-numbers",
      "name": "On Computable Numbers",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/on-computable-numbers.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "bletchley-park",
      "name": "Bletchley Park",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/bletchley-park.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "bell-laboratories",
      "name": "Bell Laboratories",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/bell-laboratories.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "a-mathematical-theory-of-communication",
      "name": "A Mathematical Theory of Communication",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/a-mathematical-theory-of-communication.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "unix",
      "name": "Unix",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/unix.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "c-programming-language",
      "name": "C programming language",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/c-programming-language.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "point-contact-transistor",
      "name": "Point-contact transistor",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/point-contact-transistor.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "jtagulator",
      "name": "JTAGulator",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/jtagulator.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "def-con-14-badge",
      "name": "DEF CON 14 badge",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/def-con-14-badge.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "community-memory",
      "name": "Community Memory",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/community-memory.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "sol-20",
      "name": "SOL-20",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/sol-20.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "pennywhistle-modem",
      "name": "Pennywhistle modem",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/pennywhistle-modem.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "ufos-and-government",
      "name": "UFOs and Government",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/ufos-and-government.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "def-con-29-presentation",
      "name": "DEF CON 29 presentation",
      "type": "entity",
      "url": "/network/def-con-29-presentation.html"
    }
  ],
  "edges": [
    {
      "source": "peter-samson",
      "target": "tmrc-dictionary",
      "relation": "authored",
      "event_date": "1959-06",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.gricer.com/tmrc/dictionary1959.html",
      "evidence_note": "The surviving dictionary records community vocabulary.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "joybubbles",
      "target": "secrets-of-the-little-blue-box",
      "relation": "interviewed in",
      "event_date": "1971-10",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/docs/rosenbaum1971.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Contemporary reporting; no private contact details reproduced.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "joybubbles",
      "target": "jason-scott-remembrance",
      "relation": "subject of",
      "event_date": "2007",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://ascii.textfiles.com/archives/1191",
      "evidence_note": "A later remembrance provides the public name connection.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "john-draper",
      "target": "secrets-of-the-little-blue-box",
      "relation": "interviewed in",
      "event_date": "1971-10",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/docs/rosenbaum1971.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Contemporary reporting, not a technical guide.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "john-draper",
      "target": "steve-wozniak",
      "relation": "recounted technical exchange with",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://www.storiesofapple.net/captain-crunch-on-apple-an-interview-with-john-draper.html",
      "evidence_note": "Attributed later recollection; not an inferred friendship.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "steve-wozniak",
      "target": "wozniak-blue-box",
      "relation": "built",
      "event_date": "1972",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2011/12/102659144-05-01-acc.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Museum artifact record.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "steve-wozniak",
      "target": "homebrew-computer-club",
      "relation": "demonstrated Apple-1 at",
      "event_date": "1976",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312",
      "evidence_note": "Institutional history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "ron-rosenbaum",
      "target": "secrets-of-the-little-blue-box",
      "relation": "authored",
      "event_date": "1971-10",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/docs/rosenbaum1971.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Historical archive scan; original article not republished.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "jason-scott",
      "target": "textfiles-com",
      "relation": "founded",
      "event_date": "1998",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://ascii.textfiles.com/about",
      "evidence_note": "Author’s account.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "jason-scott",
      "target": "bbs-the-documentary",
      "relation": "created",
      "event_date": "2005",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://ascii.textfiles.com/about",
      "evidence_note": "Author’s account.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "jason-scott",
      "target": "jason-scott-remembrance",
      "relation": "authored",
      "event_date": "2007",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://ascii.textfiles.com/archives/1191",
      "evidence_note": "Remembrance of Joybubbles.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "jeff-moss",
      "target": "def-con",
      "relation": "founded",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://blackhat.com/images/bh-press/bh-press-dhs-jm-8June09.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Founder role; conflicting secondary dates are not resolved here.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "jeff-moss",
      "target": "black-hat",
      "relation": "founded",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://blackhat.com/images/bh-press/bh-press-dhs-jm-8June09.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Conference founder, not evidence of attendee affiliations.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "jeff-moss",
      "target": "dhs-homeland-security-advisory-council",
      "relation": "sworn in as advisory member",
      "event_date": "2009-06-05",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "source_url": "https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/hsac_meeting_minutes_2009-06-05.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Advisory service, not intelligence employment.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "emmanuel-goldstein",
      "target": "2600",
      "relation": "cofounded and edited",
      "event_date": "1984",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://archive.conference.hitb.org/hitbsecconf2007kl/index.php_page_id%3D139.html",
      "evidence_note": "Historical speaker biography; no legal-name expansion.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "emmanuel-goldstein",
      "target": "hope",
      "relation": "organized",
      "event_date": "1994",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://archive.conference.hitb.org/hitbsecconf2007kl/index.php_page_id%3D139.html",
      "evidence_note": "Historical role, not a claim about current staffing.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "aleph-one",
      "target": "smashing-the-stack-for-fun-and-profit",
      "relation": "authored",
      "event_date": "1996-11-08",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "source_url": "https://phrack.org/issues/49/smashing-the-stack-for-fun-and-profit",
      "evidence_note": "Public author credit; no inferred identity.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "the-mentor",
      "target": "the-conscience-of-a-hacker",
      "relation": "wrote",
      "event_date": "1986-01-08",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "source_url": "https://phrack.org/issues/7/hackers-manifesto",
      "evidence_note": "Composition date.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "the-mentor",
      "target": "phrack",
      "relation": "published in",
      "event_date": "1986-09-25",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "source_url": "https://phrack.org/issues/7/hackers-manifesto",
      "evidence_note": "Issue release date, distinct from composition.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "wau-holland",
      "target": "chaos-computer-club",
      "relation": "founding member",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://www.ccc.de/tags/wau",
      "evidence_note": "First-party community history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "dan-kaminsky",
      "target": "black-hat-dns-webcast",
      "relation": "presented in",
      "event_date": "2008-07-24",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "source_url": "https://blackhat.com/html/webinars/kaminsky-DNS.html",
      "evidence_note": "Conference-hosted record.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "hd-moore",
      "target": "metasploit",
      "relation": "founded",
      "event_date": "2003",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2019/12/04/discovering-a-new-path-in-asset-discovery-a-q-a-with-metasploit-founder-hd-moore/",
      "evidence_note": "Interview hosted by the project’s commercial steward.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "joanna-rutkowska",
      "target": "qubes-os",
      "relation": "founded",
      "event_date": "2009",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.qubes-os.org/news/2018/10/25/thank-you-joanna/",
      "evidence_note": "Project history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "joanna-rutkowska",
      "target": "qubes-architecture-v0-3",
      "relation": "coauthored",
      "event_date": "2010-01",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.qubes-os.org/research/",
      "evidence_note": "Bibliography also credits Rafal Wojtczuk.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "katie-moussouris",
      "target": "luta-security",
      "relation": "founded",
      "event_date": "2016",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.lutasecurity.com/founder-ceo",
      "evidence_note": "Organization biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "katie-moussouris",
      "target": "hack-the-pentagon",
      "relation": "led launch",
      "event_date": "2016",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.lutasecurity.com/founder-ceo",
      "evidence_note": "Biography’s account of Defense Department work; no intelligence affiliation inferred.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "bunnie-huang",
      "target": "hacking-the-xbox",
      "relation": "authored",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://nostarch.com/xboxfree/",
      "evidence_note": "Publisher attribution.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "bunnie-huang",
      "target": "novena",
      "relation": "documented design of",
      "event_date": "2013",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/2013/update-on-our-laptop-aka-novena/",
      "evidence_note": "Creator’s project account; hardware roles described on the topic page.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "solar-designer",
      "target": "openwall",
      "relation": "founded",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://openwall.info/wiki/people/solar",
      "evidence_note": "Project biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "solar-designer",
      "target": "passive-analysis-of-ssh-traffic",
      "relation": "coauthored",
      "event_date": "2001-03-19",
      "date_precision": "day",
      "source_url": "https://www.openwall.com/articles/",
      "evidence_note": "Also credited to Dug Song; later revisions exist.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "phil-zimmermann",
      "target": "pgp",
      "relation": "created",
      "event_date": "1991",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.philzimmermann.com/EN/essays/WhyIWrotePGP.html",
      "evidence_note": "Author’s retrospective essay, updated in 1999.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "radia-perlman",
      "target": "spanning-tree-protocol",
      "relation": "designed",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://www.usenix.org/conference/2006-usenix-annual-technical-conference/routing-without-tears-bridging-without-danger",
      "evidence_note": "Conference biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "radia-perlman",
      "target": "routing-without-tears-bridging-without-danger",
      "relation": "presented",
      "event_date": "2006",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.usenix.org/conference/2006-usenix-annual-technical-conference/routing-without-tears-bridging-without-danger",
      "evidence_note": "Official talk record.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "mudge",
      "target": "l0pht",
      "relation": "researcher at",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://blackhat.com/html/bh-us-11/bh-us-11-archives.html",
      "evidence_note": "Contemporary speaker biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "mudge",
      "target": "darpa",
      "relation": "program manager at",
      "event_date": "2011",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://blackhat.com/html/bh-us-11/bh-us-11-archives.html",
      "evidence_note": "Historical role at a defense research agency; not current employment.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "mudge",
      "target": "black-hat",
      "relation": "keynote speaker at",
      "event_date": "2011",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://blackhat.com/html/bh-us-11/bh-us-11-archives.html",
      "evidence_note": "How a Hacker Has Helped Influence the Government - and Vice Versa.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "alan-turing",
      "target": "on-computable-numbers",
      "relation": "authored",
      "event_date": "1936",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://turingarchive.kings.cam.ac.uk/computable-numbers",
      "evidence_note": "Archive of the original paper.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "alan-turing",
      "target": "bletchley-park",
      "relation": "joined codebreaking site",
      "event_date": "1939-09",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.gchq.gov.uk/person/alan-turing",
      "evidence_note": "Successor agency’s institutional history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "alan-turing",
      "target": "bell-laboratories",
      "relation": "worked on secure voice during wartime visit",
      "event_date": "1942–1943",
      "date_precision": "range",
      "source_url": "https://bletchleypark.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/record_attachments/1800.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Wartime visit, NOT employment. Cryptanalysis was collaborative.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "claude-shannon",
      "target": "a-mathematical-theory-of-communication",
      "relation": "authored",
      "event_date": "1948",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/publications-and-media/publications/coding-and-compression-a-happy-union-of-theory-and-practice/",
      "evidence_note": "Institutional publication history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "claude-shannon",
      "target": "bell-laboratories",
      "relation": "researcher at",
      "event_date": "1948",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/blog/with-his-seminal-paper-75-years-ago-bell-labs-icon-claude-shannon-ushered-in-the-digital-age/",
      "evidence_note": "Institutional history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "ken-thompson",
      "target": "unix",
      "relation": "developed",
      "event_date": "1969",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/dennis-m-ritchie/hist.html",
      "evidence_note": "Dennis Ritchie’s first-person history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "ken-thompson",
      "target": "bell-laboratories",
      "relation": "researcher at",
      "event_date": "1969",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/dennis-m-ritchie/hist.html",
      "evidence_note": "Historical role.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "dennis-ritchie",
      "target": "unix",
      "relation": "co-developed",
      "event_date": "1969",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/dennis-m-ritchie/hist.html",
      "evidence_note": "First-person history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "dennis-ritchie",
      "target": "c-programming-language",
      "relation": "created",
      "event_date": "1971–1973",
      "date_precision": "range",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/dennis-m-ritchie/chist.html",
      "evidence_note": "First-person language history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "dennis-ritchie",
      "target": "bell-laboratories",
      "relation": "researcher at",
      "event_date": "1969",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/dennis-m-ritchie/hist.html",
      "evidence_note": "Historical role.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "john-bardeen",
      "target": "point-contact-transistor",
      "relation": "co-developed",
      "event_date": "1947-12",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/blog/the-transistor-75-years-since-the-famed-nokia-bell-labs-invention-changed-the-world/",
      "evidence_note": "Institutional history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "john-bardeen",
      "target": "bell-laboratories",
      "relation": "researcher at",
      "event_date": "1947",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/blog/the-transistor-75-years-since-the-famed-nokia-bell-labs-invention-changed-the-world/",
      "evidence_note": "Specific technical role.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "walter-brattain",
      "target": "point-contact-transistor",
      "relation": "co-developed",
      "event_date": "1947-12",
      "date_precision": "month",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/blog/the-transistor-75-years-since-the-famed-nokia-bell-labs-invention-changed-the-world/",
      "evidence_note": "Institutional history.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "walter-brattain",
      "target": "bell-laboratories",
      "relation": "researcher at",
      "event_date": "1947",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/blog/the-transistor-75-years-since-the-famed-nokia-bell-labs-invention-changed-the-world/",
      "evidence_note": "Specific technical role.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "william-shockley",
      "target": "bell-laboratories",
      "relation": "supervised research group",
      "event_date": "1947",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://www.nokia.com/blog/the-transistor-75-years-since-the-famed-nokia-bell-labs-invention-changed-the-world/",
      "evidence_note": "Do not substitute this supervisory role for the collaborators’ device work.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "joe-grand",
      "target": "l0pht",
      "relation": "member of",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://grandideastudio.com/about/",
      "evidence_note": "Public biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "joe-grand",
      "target": "jtagulator",
      "relation": "created",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://github.com/grandideastudio/jtagulator",
      "evidence_note": "Repository says maintenance transferred in July 2025; creator is not necessarily current maintainer.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "joe-grand",
      "target": "def-con-14-badge",
      "relation": "designed",
      "event_date": "2006",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://grandideastudio.com/portfolio/other/defcon-14-badge/",
      "evidence_note": "A concrete PIC10F202 microcontroller artifact.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "lee-felsenstein",
      "target": "homebrew-computer-club",
      "relation": "moderated",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://computerhistory.org/profile/lee-felsenstein/",
      "evidence_note": "Museum biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "lee-felsenstein",
      "target": "community-memory",
      "relation": "co-developed",
      "event_date": "1973",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://computerhistory.org/profile/lee-felsenstein/",
      "evidence_note": "Museum biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "lee-felsenstein",
      "target": "sol-20",
      "relation": "co-developed",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://computerhistory.org/profile/lee-felsenstein/",
      "evidence_note": "Museum credits collaborators; not a lone-inventor claim.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "lee-felsenstein",
      "target": "pennywhistle-modem",
      "relation": "designed",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://computerhistory.org/profile/lee-felsenstein/",
      "evidence_note": "Museum biography.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "richard-thieme",
      "target": "ufos-and-government",
      "relation": "contributed to",
      "event_date": null,
      "date_precision": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://thiemeworks.com/about/",
      "evidence_note": "The book’s stated scope begins in WWII, not prewar contact.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    },
    {
      "source": "richard-thieme",
      "target": "def-con-29-presentation",
      "relation": "presented",
      "event_date": "2021",
      "date_precision": "year",
      "source_url": "https://thiemeworks.com/uploads/Thieme-DefCon-29-UFOs-slides.pdf",
      "evidence_note": "Original slides establish what he presented, not independent proof of every claim.",
      "checked": "2026-10-16"
    }
  ]
}