{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","title":"VNC","type":"Subtechnique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b","external_id":"T1021.005","domain":"enterprise","created":"2020-02-11T18:28:44.950Z","modified":"2025-10-24T17:48:19.567Z","version":"1.2","aliases":[],"tactics":["lateral-movement"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab","url":"https://pentestlab.blog/2012/10/30/attacking-vnc-servers/"},{"source_name":"MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/remote-desktop/set-up-a-computer-running-vnc-software-apdbed09830/mac"},{"source_name":"Havana authentication bug","url":"https://lists.openstack.org/pipermail/openstack/2013-December/004138.html"},{"source_name":"macOS root VNC login without authentication","url":"https://www.tenable.com/blog/detecting-macos-high-sierra-root-account-without-authentication"},{"source_name":"Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check","url":"https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/vnc-authentication/"},{"source_name":"Gnome Remote Desktop grd-settings","url":"https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-remote-desktop/-/blob/9aa9181e/src/grd-settings.c#L207"},{"source_name":"Gnome Remote Desktop gschema","url":"https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-remote-desktop/-/blob/9aa9181e/src/org.gnome.desktop.remote-desktop.gschema.xml.in"},{"source_name":"Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing","url":"https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins"},{"source_name":"VNC Vulnerabilities","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/dozens-of-vnc-vulnerabilities-found-in-linux-windows-solutions/"},{"source_name":"The Remote Framebuffer Protocol","url":"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6143#section-7.2.2"},{"source_name":"VNC Authentication","url":"https://help.realvnc.com/hc/en-us/articles/360002250097-Setting-up-System-Authentication"},{"source_name":"Hijacking VNC","url":"https://int0x33.medium.com/day-70-hijacking-vnc-enum-brute-access-and-crack-d3d18a4601cc"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--03e384be-6fdd-4967-99a9-6dac5af75729","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1042","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--03e384be-6fdd-4967-99a9-6dac5af75729","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.908Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--1fa0c726-0f55-4f10-8a31-184d760239c5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0412","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--1fa0c726-0f55-4f10-8a31-184d760239c5","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.948Z","references":[{"source_name":"Talos ZxShell Oct 2014","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--27bf147a-1e8b-481d-8910-3af3e64aa18c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0047","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--27bf147a-1e8b-481d-8910-3af3e64aa18c","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:47.453Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Actinium February 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Shuckworm January 2022","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--2f1588c1-16b9-4cb2-b94c-1756829183ae","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0046","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--2f1588c1-16b9-4cb2-b94c-1756829183ae","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:31.765Z","references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/carbon-spider-embraces-big-game-hunting-part-1/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--31994fdc-6f52-4052-9748-d2bd3ea60caa","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1014","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--31994fdc-6f52-4052-9748-d2bd3ea60caa","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.981Z","references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Siamesekitten August 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/siamesekitten/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--34072026-f8dd-4eb0-88d9-c76cddfa8ca2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0484","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--34072026-f8dd-4eb0-88d9-c76cddfa8ca2","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.988Z","references":[{"source_name":"Prevx Carberp March 2011","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231227000328/http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--35f5caad-87d0-46c5-b2b6-eb69b0eda6bd","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0036","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--35f5caad-87d0-46c5-b2b6-eb69b0eda6bd","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:37.950Z","references":[{"source_name":"Securelist GCMAN","url":"https://securelist.com/apt-style-bank-robberies-increase-with-metel-gcman-and-carbanak-2-0-attacks/73638/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3d3ea12b-fec0-4daa-bb51-190884d88ee0","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0117","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3d3ea12b-fec0-4daa-bb51-190884d88ee0","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:17.062Z","references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--42eb6018-f049-41df-bbfc-6dcb2f079f16","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0266","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--42eb6018-f049-41df-bbfc-6dcb2f079f16","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.016Z","references":[{"source_name":"Trickbot VNC module July 2021","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/trickbot-updates-its-vnc-module-for-high-value-targets/"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/399/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-Trickbot-creat5515-en-EN.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--440c7f08-e570-4536-8f9c-849952581de1","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0279","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--440c7f08-e570-4536-8f9c-849952581de1","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.018Z","references":[{"source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--47acf59d-7476-4794-b359-747da52f196c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--47acf59d-7476-4794-b359-747da52f196c","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.023Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4f05951e-e480-4ffc-b573-3a7aa3fc4b7c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1037","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4f05951e-e480-4ffc-b573-3a7aa3fc4b7c","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.033Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--703ea9d2-9caf-4753-8485-d12a0e9a2817","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1047","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--703ea9d2-9caf-4753-8485-d12a0e9a2817","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.078Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--cf546d75-f689-4033-83eb-40a3edd71877","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0670","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--cf546d75-f689-4033-83eb-40a3edd71877","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.209Z","references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Warzone Feb 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/warzone-behind-the-enemy-lines/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f5d1e0f1-0e96-41dc-86a4-79307310a001","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1033","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f5d1e0f1-0e96-41dc-86a4-79307310a001","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.259Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--fb699407-1269-407a-845d-7085a7ae836d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1160","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--fb699407-1269-407a-845d-7085a7ae836d","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.266Z","references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Latrodectus Activity June 2024","url":"https://github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/Unit42-timely-threat-intel/blob/main/2024-06-25-IOCs-from-Latrodectus-activity.txt"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}