{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","title":"Credential API Hooking","type":"Subtechnique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6","external_id":"T1056.004","domain":"enterprise","created":"2020-02-11T19:01:15.930Z","modified":"2025-10-24T17:49:37.119Z","version":"1.2","aliases":[],"tactics":["collection","credential-access"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017","url":"https://eyeofrablog.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/windows-keylogger-part-2-defense-against-user-land/"},{"source_name":"Zairon Hooking Dec 2006","url":"https://zairon.wordpress.com/2006/12/06/any-application-defined-hook-procedure-on-my-machine/"},{"source_name":"GMER Rootkits","url":"http://www.gmer.net/"},{"source_name":"MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015","url":"https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/dynamic-hooking-techniques-user-mode/"},{"source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017","url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process"},{"source_name":"Intezer Symbiote 2022","url":"https://intezer.com/blog/research/new-linux-threat-symbiote/"},{"source_name":"HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011","url":"https://www.scribd.com/document/68671361/Inline-Hooking-in-Windows"},{"source_name":"Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I&threatId=-2147336918"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Hook Overview","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644959.aspx"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Process Snapshot","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms686701.aspx"},{"source_name":"PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011","url":"https://github.com/prekageo/winhook"},{"source_name":"Jay GetHooks Sept 2011","url":"https://github.com/jay/gethooks"},{"source_name":"StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012","url":"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/what-are-the-methods-to-find-hooked-functions-and-apis"},{"source_name":"Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014","url":"https://www.adlice.com/userland-rootkits-part-1-iat-hooks/"},{"source_name":"Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012","url":"https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/09/movp-31-detecting-malware-hooks-in.html"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--01e4bf9a-3d9c-4381-aa9c-cca73376c771","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0330","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--01e4bf9a-3d9c-4381-aa9c-cca73376c771","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.905Z","references":[{"source_name":"GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017","url":"https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--15a63ae2-08d7-4771-9537-276835d7513f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1154","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--15a63ae2-08d7-4771-9537-276835d7513f","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.933Z","references":[{"source_name":"Lumen Versa 2024","url":"https://blog.lumen.com/taking-the-crossroads-the-versa-director-zero-day-exploitation/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--22de39b7-5d1c-4d44-b63c-36cf14a9c90d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0484","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--22de39b7-5d1c-4d44-b63c-36cf14a9c90d","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.952Z","references":[{"source_name":"Prevx Carberp March 2011","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231227000328/http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3b4f48d3-eb5d-4d7e-9f0b-86f68951207d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0182","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3b4f48d3-eb5d-4d7e-9f0b-86f68951207d","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.003Z","references":[{"source_name":"FinFisher Citation","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050934/http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html"},{"source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017","url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3c7ad637-8d4e-4baa-9cd9-7655d29e1e28","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0386","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3c7ad637-8d4e-4baa-9cd9-7655d29e1e28","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.006Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210719165945/https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/15/c/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware.html?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--405f7aa3-2ce8-455f-9718-c2525658c595","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0412","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--405f7aa3-2ce8-455f-9718-c2525658c595","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.013Z","references":[{"source_name":"Talos ZxShell Oct 2014","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4ebc7501-9471-4f37-92e1-8711073bd062","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0068","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4ebc7501-9471-4f37-92e1-8711073bd062","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:27.884Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016","url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4f550078-32b1-4abb-aa90-0e9fb7cc45f9","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0251","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4f550078-32b1-4abb-aa90-0e9fb7cc45f9","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.033Z","references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--71a3a771-3674-4b44-8742-bed627f178b3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0416","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--71a3a771-3674-4b44-8742-bed627f178b3","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.080Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/mahalo-fin7-responding-to-new-tools-and-techniques.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7d349715-69e8-4e3c-bb98-8dc8d3051ca2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0363","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7d349715-69e8-4e3c-bb98-8dc8d3051ca2","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.097Z","references":[{"source_name":"Github PowerShell Empire","url":"https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a6270b8b-89b1-484f-9da9-a1111c74ad11","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a6270b8b-89b1-484f-9da9-a1111c74ad11","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.151Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ce44b002-2ef5-4740-a39e-1e58c2817955","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0266","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ce44b002-2ef5-4740-a39e-1e58c2817955","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.207Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-adds-remote-application-credential-grabbing-capabilities-to-its-repertoire/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e712d24e-0fdc-4ce3-96bf-939b7d4a9cd3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0353","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e712d24e-0fdc-4ce3-96bf-939b7d4a9cd3","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.239Z","references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}