Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference.
{
  "record": {
    "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
    "title": "Data Encoding",
    "type": "Technique",
    "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132",
    "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "status": "active",
    "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
    "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
    "stix_id": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f",
    "external_id": "T1132",
    "domain": "enterprise",
    "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:43.540Z",
    "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.260Z",
    "version": "1.3",
    "aliases": [

    ],
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "source_references": [
      {
        "source_name": "Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Wikipedia Character Encoding",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assertions": [
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--1e2075a3-5271-4ebf-aa9b-6a09ea985b76",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1031",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--1e2075a3-5271-4ebf-aa9b-6a09ea985b76",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.641Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.1136"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--26cded5f-d5ac-48cd-b042-d91e497ed3e9",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S9035",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--26cded5f-d5ac-48cd-b042-d91e497ed3e9",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.671Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Splunk LAMEHUG SEP 2025",
          "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/lamehug-ai-driven-malware-llm-cyber-intrusion-analysis.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--2d5cfd77-4222-48d0-b9f0-90487caeb952",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--2d5cfd77-4222-48d0-b9f0-90487caeb952",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.685Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Sygnia VelvetAnt 2024A",
          "url": "https://www.sygnia.co/blog/china-nexus-threat-group-velvet-ant/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--34407c81-aca5-477e-a978-a66f32ae6545",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132.001",
      "predicate": "subtechnique-of",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--34407c81-aca5-477e-a978-a66f32ae6545",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.698Z",
      "references": [

      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--3884be12-f73f-4f9b-875e-68d40798faf6",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0128",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--3884be12-f73f-4f9b-875e-68d40798faf6",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.712Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
          "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--448cab31-deb1-40d5-a7f6-848d0116c4b6",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0699",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--448cab31-deb1-40d5-a7f6-848d0116c4b6",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.725Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Mythc Documentation",
          "url": "https://docs.mythic-c2.net/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--45a113e7-452c-4bf3-9962-b0f71f386095",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0386",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--45a113e7-452c-4bf3-9962-b0f71f386095",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.739Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016",
          "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--48f191ab-6e27-44cd-9de6-a0e06e58d983",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132.002",
      "predicate": "subtechnique-of",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--48f191ab-6e27-44cd-9de6-a0e06e58d983",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.754Z",
      "references": [

      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--840d01e8-e401-413b-bdc8-f47122c5661d",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S9003",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--840d01e8-e401-413b-bdc8-f47122c5661d",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.768Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Breakdev Evilginx 2.4 SEP 2020",
          "url": "https://breakdev.org/evilginx-2-4-gone-phishing/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9a2046a3-41c8-4d81-a812-63c66bcb3400",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0362",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9a2046a3-41c8-4d81-a812-63c66bcb3400",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.782Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018",
          "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c79d7110-46bb-4b6d-a256-87bd1b6379a3",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0132",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1132",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c79d7110-46bb-4b6d-a256-87bd1b6379a3",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:15:04.799Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231210122239/https://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    }
  ],
  "source_snapshot": {
    "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "sha256": "81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352",
    "bytes": 55271014,
    "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"
  },
  "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt",
  "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
}

License
-------
The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,
development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce
MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.

"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation."

Disclaimers
-----------
MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part
of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover
full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or
variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.

ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE
ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,
AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT
THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.