{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","title":"Browser Session Hijacking","type":"Technique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1185","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47","external_id":"T1185","domain":"enterprise","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","modified":"2026-05-12T15:12:00.633Z","version":"2.1","aliases":[],"tactics":["collection"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"ICEBRG Chrome Extensions","url":"https://www.icebrg.io/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-enable-criminals-to-impact-over-half-a-million-users-and-global-businesses"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot","url":"https://www.cobaltstrike.com/help-browser-pivoting"},{"source_name":"cobaltstrike manual","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210825130434/https://cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual38.pdf"},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Man in the Browser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-browser"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--20cf444d-b538-4971-b054-3d749aa945f0","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0266","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--20cf444d-b538-4971-b054-3d749aa945f0","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.950Z","references":[{"source_name":"Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016","url":"https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre"},{"source_name":"IBM TrickBot Nov 2016","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/tricks-of-the-trade-a-deeper-look-into-trickbots-machinations/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Trojan:Win32/Totbrick"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3f3fffec-6c91-45e2-8c4c-d1c7bdcde76b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0384","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3f3fffec-6c91-45e2-8c4c-d1c7bdcde76b","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.011Z","references":[{"source_name":"Dell Dridex Oct 2015","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/dridex-bugat-v5-botnet-takeover-operation"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4c7a0e49-6b38-417a-881b-6f9474ea4ec2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0484","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4c7a0e49-6b38-417a-881b-6f9474ea4ec2","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.029Z","references":[{"source_name":"Prevx Carberp March 2011","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231227000328/http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf"},{"source_name":"Trusteer Carberp October 2010","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--54a3ec14-70cd-4c2f-b482-b10d44a1a713","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1201","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--54a3ec14-70cd-4c2f-b482-b10d44a1a713","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.041Z","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Kimsuky TRANSLATEXT","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/kimsuky-deploys-translatext-target-south-korean-academia#technical-analysis"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--577796a0-efbb-4023-9083-a76f97bec6f8","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0530","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--577796a0-efbb-4023-9083-a76f97bec6f8","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.045Z","references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5bbbd951-0c4a-4293-b0a8-27751b953882","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0331","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5bbbd951-0c4a-4293-b0a8-27751b953882","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.050Z","references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7641ab63-39e1-4cd2-8e9c-9bd1ce6da370","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S9003","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7641ab63-39e1-4cd2-8e9c-9bd1ce6da370","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.087Z","references":[{"source_name":"Breakdev Evilginx 2.2 NOV 2018","url":"https://breakdev.org/evilginx-2-2-jolly-winter-update"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7ac62413-be9a-40ef-996d-017c04f04d5b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0531","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7ac62413-be9a-40ef-996d-017c04f04d5b","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.093Z","references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/"},{"source_name":"IBM Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/grandoreiro-malware-now-targeting-banks-in-spain/"},{"source_name":"ESET Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8d6d88c3-dbfe-492a-8c4c-ee4bfc10bdc3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1017","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8d6d88c3-dbfe-492a-8c4c-ee4bfc10bdc3","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.118Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9275c60f-61ee-46f5-a37b-99b2713d1522","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0094","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9275c60f-61ee-46f5-a37b-99b2713d1522","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:25.171Z","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Kimsuky TRANSLATEXT","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/kimsuky-deploys-translatext-target-south-korean-academia#technical-analysis"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a251b2a7-b46d-415a-859f-a3b510dcc66e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1207","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a251b2a7-b46d-415a-859f-a3b510dcc66e","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.146Z","references":[{"source_name":"Google XLoader 2017","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/formbook-malware-distribution-campaigns/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a64c16bf-284e-4a74-a5c9-bcaee4d36313","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0650","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a64c16bf-284e-4a74-a5c9-bcaee4d36313","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.152Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cyberint Qakbot May 2021","url":"https://blog.cyberint.com/qakbot-banking-trojan"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky QakBot September 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a9f79f14-d160-4be5-8bbe-ad0b52770b9f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1018","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a9f79f14-d160-4be5-8bbe-ad0b52770b9f","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.156Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ad7f635b-7775-4706-8577-eee00612c996","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0154","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ad7f635b-7775-4706-8577-eee00612c996","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.161Z","references":[{"source_name":"cobaltstrike manual","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210825130434/https://cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual38.pdf"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c5e3e18d-124e-4ae2-a95c-9db8f6d53000","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0483","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c5e3e18d-124e-4ae2-a95c-9db8f6d53000","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.196Z","references":[{"source_name":"IBM IcedID November 2017","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/"},{"source_name":"Juniper IcedID June 2020","url":"https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--cf130e28-dbd6-4312-ba0a-a3cbcf05c064","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0631","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--cf130e28-dbd6-4312-ba0a-a3cbcf05c064","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.208Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--dbfe9e7c-c94b-4bc3-b2e1-3513754f13b7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S9044","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--dbfe9e7c-c94b-4bc3-b2e1-3513754f13b7","modified":"2026-07-30T21:38:57.144Z","references":[{"source_name":"Artic Wolf Labs Kali365 Device Code April 2026","url":"https://arcticwolf.com/resources/blog/token-bingo-dont-let-your-code-be-the-winner/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--eafddae6-8e14-491b-82af-40ddaccb99c6","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0386","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1185","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--eafddae6-8e14-491b-82af-40ddaccb99c6","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.245Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/BKDR_URSNIF.SM?_ga=2.129468940.1462021705.1559742358-1202584019.1549394279"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}