Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference. { "record": { "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "title": "Kernel Modules and Extensions", "type": "Subtechnique", "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/006", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "status": "active", "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads", "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending", "stix_id": "attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6", "external_id": "T1547.006", "domain": "enterprise", "created": "2020-01-24T17:42:23.339Z", "modified": "2025-10-24T17:49:10.550Z", "version": "1.4", "aliases": [ ], "tactics": [ "persistence", "privilege-escalation" ], "source_references": [ { "source_name": "Apple Developer Configuration Profile", "url": "https://developer.apple.com/business/documentation/Configuration-Profile-Reference.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Apple Kernel Extension Deprecation", "url": "https://developer.apple.com/support/kernel-extensions/" }, { "source_name": "System and kernel extensions in macOS", "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/deployment/system-and-kernel-extensions-in-macos-depa5fb8376f/web" }, { "source_name": "GitHub Reptile", "url": "https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile" }, { "source_name": "Volatility Phalanx2", "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/10/phalanx-2-revealed-using-volatility-to.html" }, { "source_name": "iDefense Rootkit Overview", "url": "https://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs", "url": "https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html" }, { "source_name": "CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit", "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/" }, { "source_name": "GitHub Diamorphine", "url": "https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine" }, { "source_name": "Securelist Ventir", "url": "https://securelist.com/the-ventir-trojan-assemble-your-macos-spy/67267/" }, { "source_name": "User Approved Kernel Extension Pike’s", "url": "https://pikeralpha.wordpress.com/2017/08/29/user-approved-kernel-extension-loading/" }, { "source_name": "Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide", "url": "https://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/html/x437.html" }, { "source_name": "Linux Kernel Programming", "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap", "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/" }, { "source_name": "Purves Kextpocalypse 2", "url": "https://richard-purves.com/2017/11/09/mdm-and-the-kextpocalypse-2/" }, { "source_name": "RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle", "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" }, { "source_name": "Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken", "url": "https://objective-see.org/blog/blog_0x21.html" }, { "source_name": "Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Linux" } ] }, "assertions": [ { "id": "enterprise:relationship--08fc37d1-2314-4661-abdb-1bf0472b2bf1", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "predicate": "subtechnique-of", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--08fc37d1-2314-4661-abdb-1bf0472b2bf1", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.916Z", "references": [ ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--2cc2c087-e567-462a-80e6-059fd1276199", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0502", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--2cc2c087-e567-462a-80e6-059fd1276199", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.965Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020", "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--4907e8fb-e224-49a6-aa94-5a76afa714ba", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1026", "predicate": "mitigates", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--4907e8fb-e224-49a6-aa94-5a76afa714ba", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.025Z", "references": [ ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--513128aa-573e-4185-b0dc-88738edacb65", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0468", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--513128aa-573e-4185-b0dc-88738edacb65", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.036Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap", "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--58e37620-7000-4ec2-95e0-e1c651fa215d", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1018", "predicate": "mitigates", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--58e37620-7000-4ec2-95e0-e1c651fa215d", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.046Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Apple TN2459 Kernel Extensions", "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2459/_index.html" }, { "source_name": "MDMProfileConfigMacOS", "url": "https://developer.apple.com/business/documentation/Configuration-Profile-Reference.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--9fa87ff9-ee4a-4660-8cd8-b2b3da820b1f", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1049", "predicate": "mitigates", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--9fa87ff9-ee4a-4660-8cd8-b2b3da820b1f", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.143Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "SourceForge rkhunter", "url": "http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net" }, { "source_name": "Chkrootkit Main", "url": "http://www.chkrootkit.org/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--b783f90e-bd7c-4513-b15a-731637d7078d", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1038", "predicate": "mitigates", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--b783f90e-bd7c-4513-b15a-731637d7078d", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.176Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Increasing Linux kernel integrity", "url": "https://linux-audit.com/increase-kernel-integrity-with-disabled-linux-kernel-modules-loading/" }, { "source_name": "Kernel Self Protection Project", "url": "https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/security/self-protection.html" }, { "source_name": "LKM loading kernel restrictions", "url": "https://xorl.wordpress.com/2018/02/17/lkm-loading-kernel-restrictions/" }, { "source_name": "Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module", "url": "https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/8754821/" }, { "source_name": "Wikibooks Grsecurity", "url": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Grsecurity/The_RBAC_System" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--d3bfd402-11eb-44ae-98f4-c1e8b81cc8f0", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1219", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--d3bfd402-11eb-44ae-98f4-c1e8b81cc8f0", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.215Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Google Cloud Mandiant UNC3886 2024", "url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/uncovering-unc3886-espionage-operations" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--e6a1906d-43d1-454c-8150-053759421b74", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:C0012", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.006", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--e6a1906d-43d1-454c-8150-053759421b74", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:28.694Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Cybereason OperationCuckooBees May 2022", "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cuckoobees-deep-dive-into-stealthy-winnti-techniques" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 } ], "source_snapshot": { "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "sha256": "81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352", "bytes": 55271014, "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z" }, "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt", "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n" } License ------- The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research, development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy. "© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation." Disclaimers ----------- MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK. ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.