Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference.
{
  "record": {
    "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
    "title": "Dynamic Data Exchange",
    "type": "Subtechnique",
    "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002",
    "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "status": "active",
    "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
    "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
    "stix_id": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
    "external_id": "T1559.002",
    "domain": "enterprise",
    "created": "2020-02-12T14:10:50.699Z",
    "modified": "2025-10-24T17:48:31.581Z",
    "version": "1.4",
    "aliases": [

    ],
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "source_references": [
      {
        "source_name": "OWASP CSV Injection",
        "url": "https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/CSV_Injection"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "CSV Excel Macro Injection ",
        "url": "https://blog.securelayer7.net/how-to-perform-csv-excel-macro-injection/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017",
        "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "SensePost PS DDE May 2016",
        "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2016/powershell-c-sharp-and-dde-the-power-within/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019",
        "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014",
        "url": "https://www.contextis.com/blog/comma-separated-vulnerabilities"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017",
        "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017",
        "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018",
        "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017",
        "url": "https://blog.nviso.be/2017/10/11/detecting-dde-in-ms-office-documents/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017",
        "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/macro-less-code-exec-in-msword/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assertions": [
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--0709589f-cc25-4925-89be-59e121c47951",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0458",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--0709589f-cc25-4925-89be-59e121c47951",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.913Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Eset Ramsay May 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--14acc004-9b77-4a4a-b31d-a8eea459b4bb",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:C0013",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--14acc004-9b77-4a4a-b31d-a8eea459b4bb",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:20.117Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018",
          "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--160a52b3-8acd-4f19-810f-ac4ce96319d3",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0391",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--160a52b3-8acd-4f19-810f-ac4ce96319d3",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.934Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019",
          "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/government-in-central-asia-targeted-with-hawkball-backdoor.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--38482de7-5eb7-4baf-9007-2e1a6efe9622",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1040",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--38482de7-5eb7-4baf-9007-2e1a6efe9622",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.997Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft ASR Nov 2017",
          "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018",
          "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--4bfaaf99-6884-4df1-af72-0cc61ce50aa0",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0080",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--4bfaaf99-6884-4df1-af72-0cc61ce50aa0",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:22.918Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--51afbe4e-c5cd-4acd-b4e1-ff7877b78b9e",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0046",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--51afbe4e-c5cd-4acd-b4e1-ff7877b78b9e",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:31.893Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CyberScoop FIN7 Oct 2017",
          "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/fin7-dde-morphisec-fileless-malware/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--5ac271fa-d3a7-40a6-8862-3eb73331ae99",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0069",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--5ac271fa-d3a7-40a6-8862-3eb73331ae99",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:29.843Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018",
          "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--67583965-9e89-49cd-bdac-9fd69d7857ae",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0121",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--67583965-9e89-49cd-bdac-9fd69d7857ae",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:51.893Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
          "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--6975d10a-91bf-4a22-8353-745de444c594",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0148",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--6975d10a-91bf-4a22-8353-745de444c594",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.069Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--69f57458-bfb2-44a2-a8cf-0fce0e2b0a22",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0007",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--69f57458-bfb2-44a2-a8cf-0fce0e2b0a22",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:44.792Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "McAfee APT28 DDE1 Nov 2017",
          "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/apt28-threat-group-adopts-dde-technique-nyc-attack-theme-in-latest-campaign/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "McAfee APT28 DDE2 Nov 2017",
          "url": "http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/65318/hacking/dde-attack-apt28.html"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--6bc33571-c702-4fcc-9f1c-b87d5a842586",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0476",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--6bc33571-c702-4fcc-9f1c-b87d5a842586",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.072Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SentinelOne Valak June 2020",
          "url": "https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--7ed3bfbd-41a7-46c4-acf7-43330dd50784",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0428",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--7ed3bfbd-41a7-46c4-acf7-43330dd50784",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.099Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--7fe2431d-30b9-45ef-8857-ecef17e428a9",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0067",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--7fe2431d-30b9-45ef-8857-ecef17e428a9",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:55.425Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016",
          "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--84a213fc-604f-441f-ba18-feab32085a50",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0223",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--84a213fc-604f-441f-ba18-feab32085a50",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.106Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018",
          "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--95966f14-9a22-42ab-910d-80f108dd08de",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1048",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--95966f14-9a22-42ab-910d-80f108dd08de",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.129Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View",
          "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9912d67b-153f-428e-9751-e6c09c8de945",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1054",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9912d67b-153f-428e-9751-e6c09c8de945",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.134Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018",
          "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017",
          "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--99994a2f-c6d3-4766-92e4-b8d1e62e8aa4",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "predicate": "subtechnique-of",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--99994a2f-c6d3-4766-92e4-b8d1e62e8aa4",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.134Z",
      "references": [

      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9d82ba74-8cfa-4f6c-a1a0-f23fe8a738cf",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0084",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9d82ba74-8cfa-4f6c-a1a0-f23fe8a738cf",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.702Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018",
          "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--ad4a2d0b-a268-4334-903c-153858088138",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0065",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--ad4a2d0b-a268-4334-903c-153858088138",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:38.332Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Accenture MUDCARP March 2019",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210722005437/https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-96/Accenture-Security-MUDCARP.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--b0994eea-4c0c-42d3-8d68-0acb1b6bb592",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1002",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--b0994eea-4c0c-42d3-8d68-0acb1b6bb592",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:39.574Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Cisco Talos Bitter Bangladesh May 2022",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/05/bitter-apt-adds-bangladesh-to-their.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--b71738d0-d96e-4508-9820-ece76386903c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0387",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--b71738d0-d96e-4508-9820-ece76386903c",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.175Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211129064701/https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c49b5147-f60f-43d7-b119-52b1761002af",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0237",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c49b5147-f60f-43d7-b119-52b1761002af",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.194Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--df52b929-6b31-48da-a21f-70b799e730d3",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1042",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--df52b929-6b31-48da-a21f-70b799e730d3",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.230Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017",
          "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017",
          "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017",
          "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017",
          "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f0e944fa-6dba-47c3-920a-cf7bad2d3bc5",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0092",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--f0e944fa-6dba-47c3-920a-cf7bad2d3bc5",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:05.920Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018",
          "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f7a4bc28-8f50-4e9e-9986-b71f21528967",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0040",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--f7a4bc28-8f50-4e9e-9986-b71f21528967",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:26.518Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
          "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    }
  ],
  "source_snapshot": {
    "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
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    "bytes": 55271014,
    "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"
  },
  "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt",
  "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
}

License
-------
The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,
development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce
MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.

"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation."

Disclaimers
-----------
MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part
of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover
full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or
variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.

ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE
ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,
AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT
THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.