{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","title":"Inter-Process Communication","type":"Technique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d","external_id":"T1559","domain":"enterprise","created":"2020-02-12T14:08:48.689Z","modified":"2026-05-12T15:12:00.707Z","version":"1.4","aliases":[],"tactics":["execution"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html"},{"source_name":"Linux IPC","url":"https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/inter-process-communication-ipc/#:~:text=Inter%2Dprocess%20communication%20(IPC),of%20co%2Doperation%20between%20them."}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--16f46969-91e3-4bcd-8d58-97e88e6b1d3e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1042","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--16f46969-91e3-4bcd-8d58-97e88e6b1d3e","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.935Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440"},{"source_name":"BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/"},{"source_name":"GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017","url":"https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b"},{"source_name":"Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017","url":"https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--22f3b02d-e475-4d42-b4ae-b63da598e060","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1229","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--22f3b02d-e475-4d42-b4ae-b63da598e060","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.953Z","references":[{"source_name":"Havoc Framework Documentation","url":"https://havocframework.com/docs/welcome"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--27e71f08-221a-47cf-a583-b32c2db001ee","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1200","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--27e71f08-221a-47cf-a583-b32c2db001ee","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.959Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason StealBit Exfiltration Tool","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/research/threat-analysis-report-inside-the-lockbit-arsenal-the-stealbit-exfiltration-tool"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--2f1cb78e-3859-4e7f-976e-ddb791ffdad3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1130","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--2f1cb78e-3859-4e7f-976e-ddb791ffdad3","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.969Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro RaspberryRobin 2022","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/l/raspberry-robin-malware-targets-telecom-governments.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--32ebbca7-d489-4810-a129-6019dccf42a0","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S9062","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--32ebbca7-d489-4810-a129-6019dccf42a0","modified":"2026-10-01T13:50:34.754Z","references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint_NimbusManticoreEurope_Sept2025","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2025/nimbus-manticore-deploys-new-malware-targeting-europe/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--33fd0362-64e8-4d21-b279-1ac4c8143f31","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0048","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--33fd0362-64e8-4d21-b279-1ac4c8143f31","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:20.774Z","references":[{"source_name":"Volexity UPSTYLE 2024","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2024/04/12/zero-day-exploitation-of-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-globalprotect-cve-2024-3400/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--39a3fc74-012e-47fc-b806-d9267a0f54ba","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1054","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--39a3fc74-012e-47fc-b806-d9267a0f54ba","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.999Z","references":[{"source_name":"Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee"},{"source_name":"GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017","url":"https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--42f40187-5451-4bf4-96e8-d15de1f395c8","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0057","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--42f40187-5451-4bf4-96e8-d15de1f395c8","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:22.288Z","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant 3cx UNC4736 2023","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/3cx-software-supply-chain-compromise/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--54607e53-5952-47f1-bffa-72379bbf58c8","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1150","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--54607e53-5952-47f1-bffa-72379bbf58c8","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.040Z","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant ROADSWEEP August 2022","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/likely-iranian-threat-actor-conducts-politically-motivated-disruptive-activity-against/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5a094c68-b8cd-470b-a4ff-11109fd0b309","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1123","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5a094c68-b8cd-470b-a4ff-11109fd0b309","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.048Z","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant Cutting Edge Part 3 February 2024","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/investigating-ivanti-exploitation-persistence"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--70efcdd6-80c3-4f95-981b-4da24639f32b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0022","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--70efcdd6-80c3-4f95-981b-4da24639f32b","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.079Z","references":[{"source_name":"Joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-129A Snake Malware May 2023","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-05/aa23-129a_snake_malware_2.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--73c6ad27-074a-437d-82ec-39592b783160","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1048","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--73c6ad27-074a-437d-82ec-39592b783160","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.083Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Protected View","url":"https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--82fa754d-3c73-415f-9bc3-3e6be5458856","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0537","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--82fa754d-3c73-415f-9bc3-3e6be5458856","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.104Z","references":[{"source_name":"Accenture HyperStack October 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015247/https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--899f5d50-95bf-47e6-a95a-cb6e46a4c9bd","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.003","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--899f5d50-95bf-47e6-a95a-cb6e46a4c9bd","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.113Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8f2f514a-81be-4f14-be6f-d442814b9bd6","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1172","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8f2f514a-81be-4f14-be6f-d442814b9bd6","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.120Z","references":[{"source_name":"ESET OilRig Downloaders DEC 2023","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/oilrig-persistent-attacks-cloud-service-powered-downloaders/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--99994a2f-c6d3-4766-92e4-b8d1e62e8aa4","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.002","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--99994a2f-c6d3-4766-92e4-b8d1e62e8aa4","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.134Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9d753094-3f5a-4d38-88dd-13289e1d8318","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1244","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9d753094-3f5a-4d38-88dd-13289e1d8318","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.140Z","references":[{"source_name":"Security Scorecard Medusa Ransomware January 2024","url":"https://securityscorecard.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/deep-dive-into-medusa-ransomware.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a65e797a-d529-427b-82aa-33edf4ead0a2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S9024","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a65e797a-d529-427b-82aa-33edf4ead0a2","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.152Z","references":[{"source_name":"Google UNC5221 BRICKSTORM SPAWNCHIMERA April 2024","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/ivanti-post-exploitation-lateral-movement"},{"source_name":"JPCERT SPAWNCHIMERA Ivanti February 2025","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2025/02/spawnchimera.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--aba4b49c-0e87-4e81-81ce-cdefff278c5f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0687","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--aba4b49c-0e87-4e81-81ce-cdefff278c5f","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.158Z","references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c111033c-3544-43b8-9168-32590659557d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1026","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c111033c-3544-43b8-9168-32590659557d","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.189Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx"},{"source_name":"Microsoft System Wide Com Keys","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx"},{"source_name":"Microsoft COM ACL","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c9005a9a-c6c5-4044-82d7-f108b2e72f93","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.001","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c9005a9a-c6c5-4044-82d7-f108b2e72f93","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.200Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ca928ba4-bb4b-4cd9-a105-8c0d4d81891f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1040","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ca928ba4-bb4b-4cd9-a105-8c0d4d81891f","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.202Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft ASR Nov 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction"},{"source_name":"Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d3e1a3fd-c00a-47b5-9a51-29546f6519e3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S9043","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d3e1a3fd-c00a-47b5-9a51-29546f6519e3","modified":"2026-07-30T00:29:53.569Z","references":[{"source_name":"Hunt.io TeamPCP Toolkit MAY 2026","url":"https://hunt.io/blog/teampcp-python-toolkit-firescale-github-c2-takedown"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro TeamPCP MAY 2026","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/26/e/analyzing-teampcp-supply-chain-attacks.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d5b2d34f-5650-4fb3-bacf-2b1765943bfe","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1078","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d5b2d34f-5650-4fb3-bacf-2b1765943bfe","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.217Z","references":[{"source_name":"RotaJakiro 2021 netlab360 analysis","url":"https://blog.netlab.360.com/stealth_rotajakiro_backdoor_en/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--dc815cae-8024-469b-b801-5d187ffeca81","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1141","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--dc815cae-8024-469b-b801-5d187ffeca81","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.226Z","references":[{"source_name":"ESET Turla Lunar toolset May 2024","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/moon-backdoors-lunar-landing-diplomatic-missions/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e4d5f735-1629-48f8-9728-f76adf586a0b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1100","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e4d5f735-1629-48f8-9728-f76adf586a0b","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.237Z","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ToddyCat June 2022","url":"https://securelist.com/toddycat/106799/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ec6b9512-b23a-4aac-87b8-b5c4c19493de","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1239","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ec6b9512-b23a-4aac-87b8-b5c4c19493de","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.247Z","references":[{"source_name":"2025_IBM_PUBLOAD_TONESHELL_HIUPAN_CLAIMLOADER_MUSTANG PANDA","url":"https://www.ibm.com/think/x-force/hive0154-targeting-us-philippines-pakistan-taiwan"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Unit42 STATELY TAURUS TONESHELL September 2023","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/stately-taurus-attacks-se-asian-government/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f60e5a0d-cfdf-4c4e-be35-af5a2bdbc131","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1013","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1559","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f60e5a0d-cfdf-4c4e-be35-af5a2bdbc131","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.259Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}